The Seven Dimensions Of Buddhism - 985 Words

Ninian Smart believes there is no true way to define a religion. Instead, one must apply the seven dimensions in order to fully understand it. The seven dimensions are ritual (practical), mythology, doctrinal, ethical, experiential, social, and material. Buddhism is a religion that was founded by an Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who later became the Buddha. Buddhism can be understood using all seven of the dimensions. The first dimension used to understand a religion is based off its rituals. Buddhist perform rituals as a way to offer respect to the Buddha and find peace from within. The common ritual practiced by Buddhists is meditation. Meditation is all about focusing and purifying the mind. In meditation, Buddhists go through the steps called Samadhi (calming of the mind) and Vipassana (self-contemplation). During these steps they must adjust their body, breath, and mind, in order to achieve the goal of meditation. The rituals are an important part of Buddhism. The second dimension used to understand a religion is based off its mythology. Buddhist mythology and stories are different in each denomination. The mythology is different in each denomination because many were not written down, but passed orally from generation to generation. One commonly accepted piece of Buddhism mythology is the story of Buddha’s life. An accepted story of Buddha’s life is that when he was born he was given a prophecy of him becoming a monk instead of following in his fatherShow MoreRelatedBuddhism and the seven dimensions2538 Words   |  11 Pagesextremely valuable way of classifying religion and its many aspects is through the Seven Dimensions, developed by Ninian Smart. (See Appendix 1) These dimensions explore the many aspects of religion in a systematic and logical way. This theory of classifying religions can be lucidly applied to the Buddhist tradition in order to gain a wider understanding. The core element of Buddhism is the Experientia l Dimension, as the ultimate goal of all Buddhists is to attain Enlightenment or Nirvana. The otherRead MoreBuddhism : A Life Of Life1786 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism arose from its founder Siddhartha Gautama, or better known as Buddha. He was born into a life of luxury, as rightfully so a Prince should be. Born in Nepal, in 563 BCE Siddhartha grew up in a world in which all his desires and wants were fulfilled. His father had demanded that he live a life of seclusion from all of the world’s anguish. When Siddhartha was first born a fortune teller came, upon his father’s request, to tell of the boy’s future. They inform his father that, â€Å"if he succeededRead MoreBased Stress Reduction And Behavioral Therapy Course Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pagesand other problems. However, discussion are limited to concepts of â€Å"secular† Buddhism, rather than religious Buddhism. These concepts are relevant to our personal, social, and environmental experience of the world rather than dealing with a belief system and worship of a superhuman controlling power, as would be a dimension in any religion. As such, a view of principles of non-religious, this-worldly, secularized Buddhism can be considered supplemental to any belief system (Swart, 2014). The BuddhaRead MoreBuddhism And Hinduism : Religion2033 Words   |  9 Pages Religion is a way of shaping and molding your life. As stated before, there are many religions. That also means there are many different beliefs and not all religions have things in common. Take Buddhism and Hinduism, nothing alike at its foundational beliefs, but are similar in some aspects. Buddhism at its foundation is a non-theistic religion following the teachings of one man and following his lifestyle, non-theistic meaning that they do not have a god. On the other hand Hinduism (dependingRead MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis South Korea7932 Words   |  32 PagesKorea. In doing so, I will be answering the four major questions as it relates to the major Elements and Dimensions of culture in South Korea. Also, since the dimensions of culture in any nation are many, it is necessary to analyze each category that makes up the Dimensions of one’s culture, these categories have been in place fo r many years in any given country. If we simply consider the Dimensions of Culture in the United States alone, which range from Religion to our Ethical standards, it would beRead MoreIslam : Religious Aspects Of Islam1380 Words   |  6 Pageswill emerge. Educations was the focus point for the Muslims, which help in the development of arts and science. Also, a new intellectual and spiritual tradition was brought in with the introduction of â€Å"Sufism† which is basically the inner mystical dimension of Islam. On my conclusion of this paper, I will hope to answer and give a little more understanding on what are the tenets of Islam as described in the text are? Why did trade thrive in Muslim lands? And what new ideas and practices emerged in theRead MoreThe Cultural Analysis Of Outdoor Leisure Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pageshighly increase of commodity price against the comparatively slow growth of personal income, and deteriorating urban environment, all these pave a way fo r necessity for an alternative way of urban living. Meanwhile, confronting with the consecutive seven years slow down growth of GDP as well as increasing expand tensions by disparities spreading from cities and rural, and from coastal and inland, this is mainly caused by both global economic crises as well as Party-State’s imbalanced economic strategiesRead MoreBuddha Is The Ten Original Practices For Enlightened Living By Surya Das1841 Words   |  8 Pageswhat is learned in the religious beliefs of Buddhism, the way to enlightenment. The Buddha can be defined as the awakened one. Buddha teaches individuals to transform your life experiences, and become totally responsible for your lives. Buddhism is unique from other religions, in that it is non-theistic. The Buddha teaches that believing in God was not needed to seek enlightenment. The Buddha teaches many things, but the basic concepts in Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths and the Noble EightfoldRead MoreBudhism and The Seven Chakras Essay2151 Words   |  9 Pagestranscending the confines of the human psyche as it is in our physical bodies. This door to another dimension is a substance known by scientific communities as Dimethyltryptamine, or simply, DMT. I- What is DMT? A. Dimethyltryptamine (2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine) B. A Tryptamine molecule that has psychedelic properties. C. Exists in living beings as a communication device between the dimensions II-How is it used? A. Smoking, injecting, insufflating, and brewing into teas (ayahuasca)Read MoreBuddha And The Yin And Yang1976 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed many forms of extreme austerity or painful rituals, such as sleeping on brambles to mortify the desires of his body and denying his body of sitting by instead crouching on his heels to develop his concentration. He did these things for six or seven years to attain truth. One day while on his pilgrimage of enlightenmerhaps the most important point in his spiritual journey, where he became the Buddha or the Enlightened One. With his newly found title as the Buddha, he decided to set out and share

World War I And The United Policy Of Strict Neutrality

On Sunday, 28 June 1914, at approximately 10:45 am, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were killed in Sarajevo, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Gavrilo Princip. The assassination of Ferdinand and his wife set off a chain of events that would lead to the start of World War I. When the war began the United States proclaimed a united policy of strict neutrality. After multiple U-boat attacks that killed hundreds of American civilians and the transmission of the â€Å"Zimmerman Telegram†, America declared war on Germany in 1917. In an address before a joint meeting of Congress, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson discusses the aims of the United States in World War I and outlines his famous â€Å"Fourteen Points† for achieving a lasting peace in Europe. The Fourteen Points is a blueprint for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I, elucidated in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. There are few speeches in history that influenced the world in the way Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points speech did. As the leader of the free world, Wilson addressed a global audience as he outlined the characteristics of an everlasting peace. His words were echoed in the policies of every major Western power for the rest of the 20th century. The Fourteen Points are a list of moral guidelines that were developed by Woodrow Wilson as a response to the various causes of World War I. He declaredShow MoreRelatedThe Great War And World War I Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesbloody and gruesome battle known as the Great War or World War I. At the start of the war, the United States practiced its policy of isolationism, a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other countries. However, the United States officially entered the war in April 1917. Although the United States only fought two battles, at St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne, the fighting took a heavy toll on American lives and the public opinion of war. In an attempt to restore public opinion,Read MoreThe Policy Of Neutrality During World War II1555 Words   |  7 PagesOn September 5, at its outset, the United States declared and maintained its policy of neutrality in the Second World War. Following ongoing atrocities committed by the Axis powers, ho wever, President Franklin D. Roosevelt felt compelled to limit their strength by freezing their U.S. assets and restricting trade of certain goods. Soon after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Congress unanimously declared war on Japan. Days later, the rest of the Axis powers, including Nazi Germany, Italy, and their smallerRead MoreThe Causes Of World War I1171 Words   |  5 PagesA Historical Analysis of the Causes of World War I (187)The initial causes of World War I can be defined through the problematic issues of late British Imperialism during the Boxer rebellion in 1900. Many Chinese citizens had become rebellious to German imperialism, which allowed Kaiser Wilhelm II to send the German East Asia Squadron to quell the uprising. This action forced the Great Powers, such as Great Britain and Russia, to also send troops to stop the rebellion. Due to the rising power ofRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Affairs Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pages1789 through 1800, the United States was greatly involved in foreign affairs. The nation had just been established, and the early United States was greatly influenced by foreign affairs as a result. International affairs even pushed the young nation to the brink of war. 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Even after the warring nations nearly exhausted their manpower and resources, no nation clearly grasped victory; however, when United States declared war upon the Central Powers on April 4th, 1917, victory rapidly approached and the Entente Powers achieved that victory on November 11th, 1918. Although, was an American declaration of war actually necessary for an Entente victory? The United States supplied the Entente with an immenseRead MoreThe First World War : The Great War1600 Words   |  7 Pages The First World War sometimes referred to as the European War was more commonly referred to as the Great War. So much in the world was changed by this war, so it simply by most known as the Great War. â€Å"It is because no other war until then had had such an impact on the world. It was the first war to affect all of the major nations of Europe and the world. It took many lives and changed the lives of millions more.† (Rivera, 2014) Some countries do not refer to the war as great because theyRead MoreWorld War I Was An Atrocious Experience For All Involved1719 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War I was an atrocious experience for all involved. No one involved in this global conflict was left insusceptible to its effects. Due to the magnitude of devastation and loss of life caused by World War I, it went down in history as one of the vilest wars ever to be fought. It was a brutal war from 1914-1918 which affected all of Europe and the outlying areas. The military conflict that began the World War I started as a local European war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. It was transformedRead MoreWorld War II Was The Deadliest Conflict Of Japanese Americans On The West Coast Of The United States1625 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, lasting from 1939-1945. One of the initiators, Japan, was behaving aggressively and pushed the United States away from the country’s attempt to stay neutral regarding global issues. Japan’s belligerent conquests were the ignition to the fuel of hostility against the Japanese-Americans that has been increasing for many years. Americans sought a solution to fix the Japanese issue after its brutal attack against the United States, but failedRead MoreArchduke Franz Ferdinand Of Austria1537 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War One—From Beginning to End It is the year of 1914 and the archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Multiple accounts of threatening orders succeed after this incident leading up to the breakout of World War I—in which the lands of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) were pitted against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan (the Allied Powers). Austria-Hungary s expectation was that Serbia would reject the remarkably

A Brief Note On The Global Price Of Petroleum Exporting...

1. Use the AS/AD framework to show the separate effects on GDP, inflation and public sector borrowing on any single national economy ( unnamed) of: a. a rise in the global price of oil Figure 1.1 Oil Supply, demand and price Source: euanmearns.com Figure1.2 SRAS shifts as a result of a negative cost shock Source: http://www.harpercollege.edu/ Higher oil price would make products price go up and moves AS curve from AS to AS1, therefore, the rise in the global price of oil will decline GDP and boost public borrowing as well. Although oil business is a good example of international cartel of oligopoly, a permanent organisation like Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) owns the power to negotiate oil price and productivity which should be able to control oil price efficiently; however, according to the diagram below, different political events or war could alter the equilibrium of AS/ AD curves easily within a short period. Figure 1.3 Oils Ups and Downs Source: Bloomberg Figure 1.4 U.S. GDP and WTI Oil Price Source: U.S. GDP and WTI Oil Price. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, The World Bank, EIA and Labyrinth Consulting Services, Inc. Take United States as an example, GDP trend line goes up regardless of oil price variation. Figure 1.5 U.S. Debt and U.S. domestic oil supplyShow MoreRelated Global Interdependence 1411 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology of the future, the world is becoming a smaller and smaller place. In economic terms, Global Interdependence is increasing as time goes on. In other words, we as the United States, as well as other countries, rely on each other for the three factors of production, Land, Labor and Capital. As noted in Thomas L. Freidman’s book, The World is Flat, there are several instances in which the Global Interdependence started. For example, the introduction of the Internet created a common forum inRead MoreOffshore Drilling Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s economy is heavily based on petroleum, as though it is the nation’s blood; a necessity for survival. Reacting to America’s support of Israel, Arab (OPEC) nations in the Middle East restrict oil exports to the U.S. As a result, a decrease in the oil supply caused gasoline prices to q uadruple. As America attempted to promote alternative energy sources, oil companies expanded their search for offshore oil. Approximately 25% of oil produced in the U.S. comes from offshore rigs. Due to environmentalRead MoreThe Scarcity Of Fossil Fuels2993 Words   |  12 Pagesprimary use fossil fuels. Why is this a dangerous global issue? What are the effects of said issue as it pertains to the social, economic, and political landscapes? It will also assert how Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943) is impacted by fossil fuel depletion. Finally, some recommendations will be offered regarding fossil fuels and future exploration, implementation, and utilization of more renewable energy resources. Discussion of Global Issue From the dawn of civilization, mankind hasRead MoreEconomic Impact Of Oil On Nigerian Economy9149 Words   |  37 PagesIBRAHIM FATIMA TUKUR ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OIL ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY PAPER OUTLINE ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Objective of the study. Methodology. Structure of the paper. CHAPTER 2: THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 2.1 The Nigerian Economy. 2.2 History of Crude Oil in Nigeria. 2.3 Performance of the Oil Sector. 2.4 Contributions and Challenges of the Oil Sector. CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW 3.0 Overview. 3.1 Literature Review- Resource Curse 3.1.1 Are natural resources bad forRead MoreImplication of Oil and Gas Investment in Ghana15418 Words   |  62 PagesBACKGROUND OF THE STUDY It is undeniable that oil, christened â€Å"black gold†, fuels the global economy. Oil converted into gas, petrol and diesel fuels our various modes of transportation that allows for the movement of goods and people around the globe. Due to the enormous financial resources that can accrue from this industry, the discovery of oil in any location, particularly developing countries, is greeted with great optimism. Such was the case in the golden jubilee year of Ghana’s independenceRead MoreEconomic Impact Of Oil On The Nigerian Economy9410 Words   |  38 PagesECONOMIC IMPACT OF OIL ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY PAPER OUTLINE ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Objective of the study. Methodology. Structure of the paper. CHAPTER 2: THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 2.1 The Nigerian Economy. 2.2 History of Crude Oil in Nigeria. 2.3 Performance of the Oil Sector. 2.4 Contributions and Challenges of the Oil Sector. CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW 3.0 Overview. 3.1 Literature Review- Resource Curse 3.1.1 Are natural resources bad for development? 3.1.2 WhatRead MoreFluctuations Of Oil Prices And Its Impact On Usa Gdp Growth2341 Words   |  10 PagesFluctuations of oil prices and its impact on USA GDP growth Rajashekhar Reddy Mallugari CISK 518 Quantitative techniques Contents: Background 2 Research Aim 3 Research Objectives 3 Research questions 3 Structure of the dissertation 3 Review of Literature 5 Research methodology 6 Research approach 6 Research strategy 7 Data collection methods 7 Data Analysis 7 Conclusion 11 References 11 Background The present study is intended to analyse the relationship between oil prices fluctuationsRead MoreEssay on Oil Industry and Nigerian Development4319 Words   |  18 Pagesof effective internal capability. The development of cutting edge technology and infrastructure, considering the resources available, has been marginal and the oil industry itself has not been extremely competitive (at least in expectations) on the global market. As the largest nation in Africa, a safe assumption should be that Nigeria is among the leaders in development as a whole, or at least be progressing toward that. The oil industry has, however, interfered somewhat in the development of alternativeRead MoreFrance Country Report5492 Words   |  22 PagesFrance – Country Report Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Geographical Setting 4 Statistics 5 Economical Climate amp; Statistics 5 Historical/Political Factors 9 Cultural Factors 9 Legal System 11 Trade Related Issues 12 Barriers/Opportunities to Business 15 Recommendations 17 References 18 Executive Summary This report focuses on France as a nation for business investment. It begins with a broad overview of France’s geographical setting. Next, it discusses theRead MoreDrop in Price of Crude Oil: Implication on the Nigerian Economy2414 Words   |  10 PagesDROP IN PRICE OF CRUDE OIL: IMPLICATION ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY PAPER DELIVERED TO BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF GUINNESS NIGERIA PLC Executive Summary The volatility in the prices of crude oil in the international oil market which was triggered by factors within the global economy has impacted the Nigeria economy to some degree with dire consequences for the implementation of the 2012 budget. Some of the factors which triggered the fall in oil prices include a massive

Operating System Memory Management

Question: Discuss about theOperating Systemfor Memory Management. Answer: Introduction An operating system is defined as a software program that helps in enabling the hardware of the computer in order to communicate with the software system. Today, every computer system have Graphical user interface as an operating system that makes the system easier for various operation (Agne et al. 2014). They help in allowing a user to enter the commands by pointing at the objects that appears on the screen. The essay helps in unearthing various concepts of operating system and its history. The assignment also describes the functions of various managers and Basic Techniques of Memory Management and the evolution of memory allocation schemes. Discussion Operating System An operating system is defined as a program which when unloaded in a computer with the help of the boot program, helps in managing all other programs, which are present in the computer system (Belay et al. 2014). The other programs, which are managed by the operating system, are known as application program. The application program uses the operating system by requesting for services with the help of specific application program. The users can interact properly by using a user interface, which includes graphical user interface and command line (Brittain et al. 2014). There are various types of operating system, which includes single and multi-tasking, single and multi- user, distributed operating system and many more. Figure1: Common Features of Operating System (Source: Czakon and Mitov 2014) An operating system performs a number of services for various applications. In a multitasking operating system, a number of programs are running at the same time, it is the task of the operating system to determine the time required for each program before providing a turn to another program (Dawson-Haggerty et al. 2013). The operating system also helps in providing messages to various interactive users about the status or error that may have occurred. All computers platforms whether hardware or software require an operating system therefore an operating system must be built or developed with some specific features in order to meet various requirements of the users. History of Operating System In earlier days, computers are mainly used as calculators in order to perform a single task. The feature of basic operating system was mainly designed after the 1950s (Dixon et al. 2012).The functions of basic operating system includes resident monitor that helps n running various programs in succession automatically in order to speed up the operating system. Operating system was not present in modern as well as complex form until 1960s (Kivity et al. 2014).Many hardware features were added that helps in enabling interrupts, runtime libraries and many more. In 1980s when computer became popular in the market, then operating system was developed with the same concept that was used earlier. In 11940s, the electronic system does not have operating system. Electronic systems at that time were programmed on rows of mechanical switches or with the help of jumper wires. After the invention of general-purpose computers, machine language was introduced in the system (Lin and Zhong 2014). In 1950s a computer was introduced which is helpful in executing a single program at a time. Later on machines were developed with different libraries of programs, which are linked to a user program for assisting various operations including generation of computer codes. Main Task of Managers Memory Manager The main task of the memory manager is to control and co-ordinate the memory of the computer by assigning different sections to various programs that are helpful in optimizing the overall performance of the system (Monaco et al. 2013). In the hardware section, the memory management consists of various components, which includes storing of physical data such as RAM, chips and many more. In the application level, the memory manager helps in ensuring the availability of proper as well as adequate memory for the structures of the data in order to run programs at all time (Nikolaev and Back 2013). The memory manager helps in combining the two tasks, which are related with the recycling and allocation procedure. Process Manager The process manager plays an integral role in operating system. They allocate resources for processing, enabling and exchanging information in order to protect the resources for enabling various types of synchronization among processes (Paczkowski et al. 2015). In order to meet all these requirements and needs, the operating system maintains a specific data structure for a particular process, which helps in describing both the state and resource ownership and they are related with the processes that enables the operating system in order to control the overall process (Rainie and Wellman 2012). The main functions of the process manager includes allocation of resources to various processes, enabling processes in order to share various information, protecting various resources and enabling synchronization for different processes. File Manager The computer systems generally employ secondary storage devices for providing non-volatile storage system for storing various types of programs and data (Walter and Karlsson 2014). The file manager works with the programs and the user data, which are held together in the form of discrete storage systems. They are responsible for keeping space for various files on secondary medium (Agne et al. 2014). The main functions of the file manager include navigation, operations, storage, communication and security. The file manager includes the access and data integrity process under the aspect of security. File managers generally handles the programs or tasks that are related the management procedure of file storage system. They perform functions, which is helpful in automatically alerting the users for carrying out several functions manually. Device Manager Hardware devices help in providing the ability to input as well as output the data from the computer. In order to support various hardware devices, various types of application programming were used (Belay et al. 2014). The applications programming that are used by the device manager. The different application program utilizes System Call API in order to request preset input output request from the operating system. The device manager uses various types of algorithms in order to process the request, which is independent of the device (Brittain et al. 2014). The device managers uses device driver, which is considered as third party software that helps in interacting various devices. Basic Techniques of Memory Management and the Evolution of Memory Allocation Schemes There are four main techniques of Memory Management. The techniques are single contiguous allocation, partitioned allocation, paged memory management and segmented memory management. Single allocation is considered as the most simple memory management technique (Czakon and Mitov 2014). The system that uses single allocation technique uses multitasking procedure by swapping the contents that are present inside the memory for switching among various users. Partitioned technique of allocation helps in dividing the primary memory into several partitions, which mainly consists of the contiguous sections of memory (Dawson-Haggerty et al. 2013). It mainly requires some hardware support in order to prevent the jobs from interfering with different operating systems. Paged allocation helps in dividing the memory of the computer in fixed size units, which is known as page frames (Dixon et al. 2012). The memory management system of the hardware uses physical allocation of memory on a specific page while the addressing space appears to be contagious. Segmented memory is one of the techniques that helps in providing linear as well s contagious memory space (Kivity et al. 2014). They mainly need hardware support in the form of segment table that mainly contains the physical address in the form of size, memory and many more. It helps in allowing better protection for access than any other schemes. There are number of memory allocation schemes, which include single partition allocation, multi-partition allocation, fixed variable size partition, dynamic partitioning and placement algorithm (Lin et al. 2014). Memory allocation can fixed in size or it can change in size for increasing and decreasing the size of the data for accommodating various requirements of change. The memory allocation technique is mainly defined as the process that helps n assigning the block of memory after request (Nikolaev and Back 2013).The allocator receives memory from various operating systems in order to satisfy the request from the smaller blocks. The main memories usually have two partitions, which include low memory and high memory, and the procedure of allocation is divided into single partition allocation and multiple partition allocation. In single partition allocation, relocation register scheme is used for protecting the user processes from each other and in multiple partition allocation; the main memory is divided into number of fixed-sized partitions. Conclusion It can be concluded that operating system is very much necessary in modern computer system. It helps in managing the other programs are generally application programs. The application program utilizes the operating system by demanding for services with the help of detailed application program. The users can cooperate appropriately by using a user interface, which includes graphical user interface and command line. The assignment analyzes that there are number of tasks, which allocated to different managers of the system for its smooth operation. The different techniques of memory management that are described in the assignment are very much useful for the operating system. 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VirtuOS: an operating system with kernel virtualization. InProceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles(pp. 116-132). ACM. Paczkowski, L.W., Parsel, W.M., Persson, C.J. and Schlesener, M.C., Sprint Communications Company LP, 2015.Method for enabling hardware assisted operating system region for safe execution of untrusted code using trusted transitional memory. U.S. Patent 9,069,952. Rainie, H. and Wellman, B., 2012.Networked: The new social operating system(p. 358). Cambridge, MA: Mit Press. Walter, M. and Karlsson, S., 2014. Unit Testing Framework for Operating System Kernels. In11th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'14).