An Interesting Delayed Resolution in Hamlet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 944 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? The great challenge of artists is to make a product the public want while still executing the artistic vision. If a work is focused entirely on artistic intent with no regard for entertainment value, it will likely alienate audiences. This is exemplified by much of the modern school of visual art, which is often ridiculed in the popular sphere for being meaningless and useless. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Interesting Delayed Resolution in Hamlet" essay for you Create order While the artistic vision is executed uncompromisingly, the art is appreciated only by a very small number of people. At the other extreme, there has been a rise in the production of pop music which is first and foremost a product designed to entertain, and only by the most liberal of estimates an act of artistic expression. Shakespeare managed to, at least in his time, pull the best of both worlds into his plays. He was a master of creating work his audiences loved while still weaving in deeper layers of meaning. A prime example is Hamlet, in which the protagonist and namesake of the work waits to kill his uncle and thereby avenge his father until the very end of the play. This structure, which delays gratification for the audience as long as possible, makes the play a highly effective work of art because it both maximizes the entertainment value and the artistic value. Artists must both work against human nature and on its behalf. While they seek to appeal to that which makes humans human, they must also dress their work in a certain way if it is to be appreciated by any significant number of people. One aspect of human nature which playwrights (or screenwriters in the modern world) are at odds with in particular is the tendency of people to always choose the path of least resistance. This tendency leads people to consume art rather than appreciate it, that is, to take away only the experiential surface of a work and not any of the hidden insight. The lack of a quick and satisfying resolution at pivotal points in Hamlet forces audience members to more deeply consider the action of the story for the plays entire duration. For instance, Hamlet (referring to the character in this instance) covertly teases the audience in Act III Scene 3 when he nearly kills his uncle, then knelt in prayer, but decides against it at the last moment (Act III Scene 3 lin es 88-89). This ensures that the audience cannot just passively and comfortably accept the satisfaction of a resolution from the play, and therefore is woken into some sort of analysis of the action. People are nowhere more eager to pick apart a situation than when it is frustrating or dissatisfying. In this instance Hamlet justifies postponing Claudius murder by saying that if he (Claudius) were to die in prayer, he would surely go to heaven, but if that if he can be killed without a chance to repent, he would surely be damned (Act III Scene 3 lines 94-96). This scene exemplifies Shakespeares ability to stimulate thought in a reasonably receptive audience member, as it alone could initiate any number of musings, whether about Hamlets real motivation, the nature of sin, et cetera. The more meaning an audience member can draw from a work, the more artistically successful the work is; therefore, the delay of resolution in Hamlet maximizes artistic value available in the play. Another advantage to delaying plot-resolution gratification for the audience until the absolute end of a story is that it keeps the audience attentive throughout the whole work, and simultaneously heightens the drama in the action. When audience attentiveness and drama in the story are maximized, the entertainment value of a work is maximized. The ultimate event the audience anticipates for the whole play is the murder of Hamlets uncle, Claudius. This does not occur until the very end of the play, which is ideal for entertainment value; the play does not drag on after Claudius death, so it does not have time to lose momentum. Another factor of this which is equally important is that it is not clear until the very moment of the twisted kings death whether he will be killed at all. Hamlet acts very erratically, and this makes it difficult for an audience member to feel very surely one way or the other about the nature of his future decisions. While it seems clear when Hamlet says My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth! (Act IV Scene 4 line 66) that he fully intends to exact revenge on his uncle, he is often taken into long philosophical musings, one of which ends in the statement for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so which indicates that he believes there is no objective moral ground for any action. This contrast keeps the audience guessing up until Claudius very final moments. This unsureness about the conclusion of the action of the story keeps the audience engaged and the maintains the dramatic tension to a high level, maximizing the entertainment value of the story. While there is an opportunity to make a case against Hamlet, saying its delayed resolution makes it an ineffective tragedy, in fact the opposite is true. The delay of Hamlets revenge keeps the audience attentive throughout the play, awaiting that very resolution, which leads to a deeper analysis of the hidden meaning of the text, maximizing artistic value, and also to an increased level of engagement in the drama and action of the story, maximizing entertainment value. The structure of the play allows for artistic value and entertainment value to be as high as possible, making the play as effective a drama as could be hoped for.

Utilitarianism, Or The Greatest Happiness Principle

Utilitarianism, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, states that the morality of an action should be judged based on the extent to which it produces happiness, or the opposite of happiness—an action is good as long as the result is happiness, and deemed bad if it results in pain. A clearer understanding of what Utilitarianism is can be gained by John Stuart Mill’s characterization of what it is not. He states, â€Å"I believe that the very imperfect notion ordinarily formed of its meaning, is the chief obstacle which impedes its reception; and that could it be cleared, even from only the grosser misconceptions, the question would be greatly simplified, and a large proportion of its difficulties removed† (Mill, 2007, p. 4). In defining Utilitarianism, Mill dispels common misconceptions that are held about Utilitarianism in order to give the reader a clearer understanding of the doctrine and the rationales that support it. One of the first misconceptions of Utilita rianism that Mill addresses is that it is often interpreted as the opposition of pleasure. Mill corrects this falsehood by stating the following: â€Å"Those who know anything about the matter are aware that every writer, from Epicurus to Bentham, be contradistinguished from pleasure, but pleasure itself, together with exemption from pain; and instead of opposing the useful to the agreeable or the ornamental, have always declared that the useful means these, among other things† (Mill, 2007, p. 5). Utilitarianism is, inShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism : The Greatest Happiness Principle1574 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is best referred to as the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle.† This means that when one considers himself as a utilitarian, he believes it is only right to judge the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences. In other words, â€Å"actions are considered moral when they promote utility and immoral when they promote the reverseâ⠂¬  (Nubcaek 2011). The principle of utility helps to capture an idea of the good is that which produces the greatest benefit, greatest advantage, orRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Greatest Happiness Principle1176 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism John S. Mill describes utilitarianism, also known as â€Å"The greatest happiness principle†, as a philosophical theory of morality. This theory is focused on the end result (a consequential theory) rather than the motive behind it. It argues that the morality of the action is solely dependent on the action’s results. The action is morally ethical as long as it produces the greatest happiness for the majority of people involved. Mill mentions, â€Å"†¦ the greatest happiness principle holdsRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism: The Greatest Happiness Principle528 Words   |  3 PagesUtilitarianism was first brought up along the nourishing of â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle† introduced by Jeremy Bentham and further developed by John Stuart Mill, who was a follower of Bentham (Sweet, 2013). Based upon its principle, Utilitarianism states that to be good is to generate the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest number. In contrast with rational egoism, Utilitarianism focuses more on maximizing the overall net happiness of the majority. When facing a decision toRead MoreUtilitarianism : A Workable Moral Theory? Why Or Why Not?958 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism: A Workable Moral Theory? Why or Why Not? Utilitarianism is one of the most commonly used ethical theories from the time it was formulated by Jeremy Bentham and John Stewart Mill in the nineteenth century. In his work, Utilitarianism, Bentham â€Å"sought to dispel misconceptions that morality has nothing to do with usefulness or utility or that morality is opposed to pleasure† (MacKinnon, 2012, p. 53). To simplify the utilitarian principle, which is one of utilityRead MoreArguments Against Utilitarianism1450 Words   |  6 PagesAs a philosophical approach, utilitarianism generally focuses on the principle of â€Å"greatest happiness†. According to the greatest happiness principle, actions that promote overall happiness and pleasure are considered as right practices. Moreover, to Mill, actions which enhance happiness are morally right, on the other hand, actions that produce undesirable and unhappy outcomes are considered as morally wrong. From this point of view we can deduct that ut ilitarianism assign us moral duties and varietyRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill Is Considered One Of The Most Influential1099 Words   |  5 Pagesphysiological following of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism in a nutshell, is the ethical philosophy in which the needs of the highest number of people in a society over the needs of the lowest number of people is considered the ultimate choice. Mill’s interpretation of utilitarianism is that everything that is desirable is desired because of the pleasure they provide or because they help reduce pain. This interpretation would be later referred as the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle†. Today, there is muchRead MoreConsequentialism And Its Effects On The Greatest Happiness Principle1527 Words   |  7 Pagesmovie: enjoying the movie. Utilitarianism is a form of Consequentialism based on the Greatest Happiness Principle. This principle states that actions are right in proportion as they promote happiness and wrong in proportion as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Utilitarians apply this principle in their belief that one should consider every possible action they may take and choose the one that produces the greatest overall happiness in the world. Utilitarianism is different than ConsequentialismRead MoreThe Concept Of Utilitarianism And Utilitarianism1216 Words   |  5 Pagessatisfaction. Combining the subjects of torture and utilitarianism can cause a large moral dilemma. I believe that torture can be justified by the utilitarian principle, and the example given is acceptable. Yet, I believe that the concept of utilitarianism is idealistic but not realistic. Often related to utilitarianism is the term, hedonism. Utilitarianism is considered to be a type of hedonism. Utilitarianism is all about creating the greatest amount of happiness for the majority of people (Geninet,2015)Read MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1365 Words   |  6 Pages In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize actions as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it isRead MoreEssay on Utilitarianism1031 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism Utilitarianism is mainly associated with the principle of Utility summarised by Jeremy Bentham, a social reformer, in 1768. This principle was to apply ‘the greatest good of the greatest number’ theory to all situations that may arise. This theory was that which is good is the act which provides the greatest

State and Federal Prison System free essay sample

This paper will discuss the state and federal prison systems and their respective histories, recent growth in prisoner populations, different types of facilities, security levels, and types of criminals. American state prisons were originally used as workhouses where prisoners could work off what they owed to the state for their crimes through hard labor, but the purposes for state and federal prisons eventually shifted towards using prisons with the intention of punishment and incapacitating the criminal by removing them from society. Not surprisingly, many of the ideas for the development of the first prisons in the United States came from England. The history of the American prison system began with the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, which served as the first prototype for the Pennsylvania model for prisons where prisoners worked at tasks in solitary confinement in order to pay off their debt to society and theoretically reflect upon what they had done (Johnston, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on State and Federal Prison System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Pennsylvania Model was based on the more humane approach that had earlier been spearheaded by William Penn, a Quaker, and focused on isolating the prisoners and preventing idleness, which was seen as a key factor in recidivism. However, the first prototype prison system in the Walnut Street Jail was not as successful as its designers had hoped and led to a host of problems such as overcrowding and the problem of prisoners being left idle during the day. Despite this, several states constructed their own penitentiaries and during the early 19th century two state systems quickly became the most popular: the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System situated in New York. The Auburn system also utilized a rule of silence to control its prisoners but it was less costly and more efficient than the Pennsylvania System, which emphasized the separate confinement for prisoners and took more space. In the Auburn System, prisoners were now contract laborers performing a wide range of tasks and were subject to harsh discipline. The Auburn system eventually became the common model for most prisons in the United States because it ultimately proved to be less costly to operate due to the fact that inmates could work and eat together instead of remaining separate at all times. The Auburn system was later transformed by the Northern and the Midwestern states into the industrial prison model where prisoners worked long hours in prison factories. In addition, post civil war southern states developed Agricultural prisons to manage large farms in the south. In addition, the South and the West developed work camps where prisoners toiled on public roads, cleared roads, and performed other tasks in complete servitude to the state (Foster, 2006). Growth of the prison system continued after the civil war and paved the way to the American system in use today. Overall, over a million people are now confined to state prisons under what is known as the Department of Corrections and most of the growth of the prison population occurred in the last three decades (Foster, 2006). No single model is used for prison management across all of the states and it is difficult to compare recidivism and other information because these factors vary between one state prison system and another (Foster, 2006). Today, prisons are meant to hold prisoners with sentences usually longer than a year and climbing prison populations across the United States have led to overcrowded facilities. In the 1980s and 1990s, much of the increase in the prisoner population was due to the supposed ‘War on Drugs’, an offshoot of the ‘War on Crime’ which caused both federal and state laws to increase regulations on drug crime sentences. Notably, â€Å"criminals convicted of murder, robbery, sex crimes, kidnapping, and felony assaults make up half [of] the state prison population† (Foster, 2006, p. 141). State prisons are designated or graded by their security level (Foster, 2006). Inmates are sent to a lower or higher security level based on their offense and sentence. These levels include: maximum security, close-high security, medium security, and minimum security prisons. Maximum security penitentiaries hold approximately 12% of state inmates and tend to be older prisons that feature a lower guard to inmate ratio and increased security (Foster, 2006). Close-high security penitentiaries are usually similar to maximum security facilities but feature slightly less restrictive measures. On the other hand, medium security facilities tend to be newer prisons with dormitory style housing or pod-shaped housing sections in place of the cell design that higher security prisons tend to use. Typically, medium security prisons are the starting point for most prisoners entering the system. Finally, minimum-security prisons have fewer internal controls and tend to be smaller facilities that provide more amenities to inmates than other security levels and mainly house inmates who are short-termers, have been sentenced for non-violent types of offenses, or are approaching their potential release (Foster, 2006). The minimum-security level also includes state prison camps, which generally maintain minimum-security standards and often focus on keeping these minimum-security inmates busy and having them perform tasks in work programs for the state. Some penitentiaries may also feature a maximum-security facility as well as a minimum-security facility on the same property or will otherwise feature two or more security levels. These are known as multi-level facilities. In addition, there are also open-security facilities, which are community-based facilities. Notably, medium, minimum, and open security prisons have proved to be critical to the expanding prison system because the developing trend has been that more people are incarcerated for non-violent crimes than violent crimes (Schlosser, 1998). In addition, the overcrowding at prisons resulting from booming prison populations created the need in the 1990s for a super-maximum security facility or unit that is capable of dealing with the most intense and violent criminals that can overwhelm a maximum security prison (Foster, 2006). The supermax level is the highest level of security currently in use and within supermax units, prisoners are kept isolated and in a permanent state of lockdown twenty-four hours a day (Foster, 2006). Some prisons also have special housing units with a similar design to a supermax facility but they are intended to store offenders for shorter periods of time (Foster, 2006). Still, most prison facilities being built or designed today are meant for lower levels of security and for criminals who will most probably reenter society at some point. Federal prisons generally house offenders who are sentenced for offenses that fall under the jurisdiction of federal crimes. There were originally few federal crimes until the Civil War. After the civil war, federal offenses and prisoners began to increase in number. The 1891 Three Prisons Act is an example of one attempt at managing the growth of the federal prison system but the Act did not organize the system at the time (Foster, 2006). The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created by an Act of Congress in the 1930s and placed under the management of the Federal Justice Department in order to more effectively manage the existing federal prisoners (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2010). The 1930s Act by Congress created the position of a director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and led to the opening of the maximum-security prison called Alcatraz in 1934 (Foster, 2006). Overall, most federal prisons were considered to be better run and to have better funding than state prisons for most of the 20th century. â€Å"The first U. S. penitentiary was the old military prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, which began to house federal prisoners in 1895† (Foster, 2006, p. 134). Prior to the opening of this penitentiary and two others that promptly followed, federal prisoners served their time in state or local institutions. The position of the director of the Bureau of Prisons was an important one in how the federal prison system evolved in the 20th century and the contributions of several directors over the decades were significant to the image of the Federal Bureau of Prisons being viewed as a model system. However, the federal prison system has undergone many of the prison population explosion problems that state prisons have encountered in recent decades and is no longer as highly regarded in its management of federal prisoners as it has been in the past. By 2003, â€Å"the system had grown to more than 100 institutions housing [a total of] 140,000 inmates† (Foster, 2006, p. 138). While some state systems have shown a decline in their prisoner growth over the last decade, the federal Bureau of Prisons appears to be continuing to grow at a steady rate. It is also notable that some federal prisoners do reside in state, local, or privately managed prison facilities due to overcrowding issues with some federal prisons or for other reasons. Federal prisons have similar security levels or classifications to state prisons and categorize federal inmates within five primary levels: minimum security, low security, medium security, high security, and administrative security (Foster, 2006). Minimum security inmates are generally held in federal prison camps which help to support larger institutions or military bases through inmate labor programs while low security generally refers to federal correctional institutions with dormitory housing and less than heavy duty fencing. Work and program components are emphasized in low security institutions (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2010). Next, medium security institutions feature increased internal control and strengthened perimeters from minimum-security facilities. High security penitentiaries are also known as U. S. penitentiaries and feature similar structural elements to state facilities. Finally, the administrative security level can hold a wide range of specially designated inmates and also uses the Administrative Maximum Security Unit, which serves a role similar to the supermax security level used by the states. Federal and state prison systems are difficult to compare because the federal system was at one time viewed as a model system whereas state prison systems will vary from state to state. Notably, federal prisoners were once viewed more favorably than state prisoners but studies conducted in the 1980s served to show that federal prisoners can be just as violent as state prisoners. Overall, approximately 45% of federal prisoners have a violent past and offenders who have been sentenced for felony crimes such as murder, robbery, sex crimes, kidnapping, and felony assaults make up 11% of the federal prisoner population (Foster, 2006). In addition, over half of federal prisoners are doing time for drug-related crimes even though the growth rate in that area has declined slightly since the 1990s. Other common types of criminals in the federal system include inmates sentenced for the illegal possession or use of weapons; those sentenced for arson, and immigration law violators, with each category, constituting roughly ten percent of the federal prison population (Foster, 2006). Finally, white-collar crimes make up less than 10% of the federal prison population and it is notable that three out of every ten federal prisoners originate from other countries. In conclusion, state and federal prisons are important components of the criminal justice system. Both prison systems have separate histories, which are linked in origin because the federal prison system evolved out of need to house federal prisoners apart from state prisoners. The federal prison system also eatures separate security levels and types of prison facilities, although these features of both federal and state prisons do have some obvious similarities. Notably, state prisons serve to hold the majority of prisoners serving over a year of prison time within each state while federal prisons serve to house prisoners who have committed crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of federal law. Finally, both state and federal prison systems are now facing some of the same problems associated with overcrow ding and the need to address prisoner overpopulation issues References Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2010). A Brief History of the Bureau of Prisons. from http://www. bop. gov/about/history. jsp Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2010). Prison Types and General Information. , from http://www. bop. gov/locations/institutions/ Foster, B. (2006). Corrections: The Fundamentals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Johnston, N. (2010). Prison Reform in Pennsylvania. From http://www. prisonsociety. org/about/history. shtml Schlosser, E. (1998). The Prison Industrial Complex. The Atlantic Online. from http://www. theatlantic. com/doc/199812/prisons

Sop for Computer Science free essay sample

I pursued my undergraduate studies in Computer Science and Engineering at MVSR Engineering College, Osmania University, India. I am planning to pursue my higher education and I really hope to get enrolled into the Masters program, for the term starting Spring 08, at University of North Carolina at Charlotte. In the following paragraphs I have summarized my educational background, motivation for graduate study and my areas of interest. Starting off with my academic’s, I completed my schooling in ****, Warangal, India. My school helped me develop better in the field of science, right from the initial stages, with different techno fests, science expos and I have secured 74% marks in 10’Th standard though I secured 86% in mathematics. Then I said to myself that I am a far better performing student than these marks suggest. Hence to prove my capability to myself I worked hard with sincerity and devotion and obtained valuable marks of 83% in my Board of Intermediate at Sri Chaitanya Junior College, Hyderabad, India. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop for Computer Science or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At very young age as a student in high school, computer for me was only a means of entrainment as I found it exciting to play games and generating various mathematical series and patterns thorough BASIC programming. I was dumbfounded to know that games are nothing but programs. Curious to know how to program I developed a serious interest in Computers. This keen interest in mathematics along with a strong liking for computers, and particularly programming, prompted me to choose engineering with Computer Science as my major. This decision gave me ample opportunity to consolidate my creative energies and harness my technical aptitude. Early in my undergraduate study I was introduced to basic programming languages of C, C++ and Java. I understood the key features of each language and realized that one was an improvement of the other. Java being the most powerful and robust language of all fascinated me the most. My first computer science project was â€Å"Core Banking†, which performs the operations of creating an account, assigning an account number and handling transactions involving deposits and withdrawals. This program was initially written in C++ following the concepts of object-oriented programming. Later I modified the same program with some improvements like adding a GUI interface using Java. During the second year of my undergraduate studies, I had an opportunity to visit an IT company of my father’s friend. It was here that I actually saw hundreds of computers connected to each other and performing several different operations. I had many questions on my mind – â€Å"How are computers connected and if connected, how can they be managed? † Curious to know the answers and following the advice of my uncle, I read some books on Windows Networking. I was fascinated by the concepts of Domain, Active Directory, Group Policy and DNS. In the third year of my engineering studies, I was introduced to the subject of Computer Networks. Already having a sound knowledge in practical computer networking, I was at ease with this subject. During this course, I learnt the software side of networking i. e. how to actually implement and develop different servers. The sessions in the labs were devoted in developing programs like implementation of connection-oriented and connectionless Echo Servers, concurrent multithreaded File Transfer Server and Chat Server. Currently in my fourth year, area of Distributed Systems and especially Peer-to-Peer Systems are of great interest to me. I undertook a project in Galaxie Software Solutions as an intern to design and develop a E-Care system, is an Help Desk System which can overcome some of the disadvantages of the existing software. My work in Galaxie Software Solutions gave me solid practical knowledge of many technologies and concepts such as Java, Oracle, XML, Object-Oriented Design and Programming.. I have also presented a paper entitled â€Å"Cryptography† at Parikaran 2K7 – a National level technical fest. My predominant research interests have evolved into three categories that I believe are interconnected. The three areas of interest are Computer networks, Distributed systems and Information Security. I would be very eager to work in any of these areas or interrelated areas like Networking or Distributed Systems along with Information Security. I worked as a teaching assistant for juniors in C, C++ and Oracle programming. The teaching experience has helped me to communicate articulately and interact effectively with diversity of peers. During the last two years, besides the college academics I spent most of my time attending a number of extra-curricular workshops, seminars and conferences in different fields of computer science. I look forward to a career in research where I cannot only use my academic background to achieve my research goals but also make original contributions to my field of interest. I believe that graduate studies would provide me with the opportunities to attend advanced courses and would be the stepping-stone to my career in research. University of North Carolina at Charlotte suits my research interests because of its advanced academic curriculum and world-class research groups. I believe that it is the best environment for me to achieve my goals while gaining experience and exposure to a diverse student body and faculty. I believe that no other school provides students with the combination of culture, education and research environment, required for an overall personality development, as offered by your institution. Summarizing all written above, I believe that my serious intention for study, my projects, my certifications and strong academic background in various areas of Computer Science will be beneficial for my graduate studies and research. Attending your prestigious institution would give me an opportunity to receive high-level education under the guidance of prominent professors and excellent teachers. I would regard my admission to University of North Carolina at Charlotte not only as a great honor but also as a great responsibility and challenge to prove myself. Thank you for your time and consideration. High Regards, {NAME}